Tüm Yazılar
What is Water and What is Water Composed of
Water is the most important resource for life. It is thought that it came with meteors falling to the earth in ice form during the formation of the Earth. It has a structure without color and odor. It exists in different states in nature. Solid, liquid and gas. Its solid state is called ice, its liquid state is called water and its gas state is called vapor.
If it is necessary to separate water into its elements, it consists of the combination of 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen. Its molecular mass is 18.02 g mol ^-1.
Drinkable Water Resources
Rivers: These are water currents born from an underground water spring or formed by the merging of many water springs. Irregular currents formed by snow and rain waters can also form rivers. Many cities meet their drinking water needs with the water collected by dams they have built in front of river resources.
Lakes: Lakes are large beds formed by the accumulation of rivers, bottom springs or rain waters. Generally, they are in a drinkable structure.
Underground Resources: We can liken underground resources to large lake structures underground. They are resources formed by the accumulation of water in wide underground beds in the form of seepages. These resources are used with the help of wells opened underground.
Status of Water Resources in the World
Two-thirds of the world is covered with water; however, approximately 97 percent of the total water in the world is salt water. The ratio of fresh water, which is the life source of all living things, is only 3 percent. While nearly 70 percent of fresh water resources are trapped in ice and glaciers, the other 30 percent is underground. Surface fresh water resources such as rivers and lakes constitute approximately three thousandths of the total water in the world. Along with the increasing demand for water in parallel with the rapidly increasing world population, water resources face serious problems in terms of quantity, quality and all other sectoral uses.
Approximately 1.5 billion people, corresponding to about 20 percent of the world population, lack sufficient drinking water. 2.2 billion people cannot access healthy water. According to the prediction of the World Meteorological Organization, more than three billion people will face water scarcity starting from the year 2025.
The main causes of water scarcity in the world can be listed as follows:
1. Scarcity of renewable resource quantity
2. Incorrect and excessive water use
3. Decrease in the amount of water per capita with rapid population growth
When countries are classified according to their water assets; countries with an average annual usable water amount per capita of less than 1,000 m³ are described as “water poor”, those less than 2,000 m³ as “experiencing water stress”, and countries with more than 8,000-10,000 m³ as “water rich”. The annual usable water amount per capita in Turkey is approximately 1,586 m³ and our country is not a water-rich country as it is thought. DSI General Directorate data predicts that in 2030, our water resources will be used with 100 percent efficiency.
According to the predictions of the Turkish Statistical Institute, the population of our country will reach 100 million in 2030. When combined with current population growth, excessive consumption and incorrect planning, in 2030, Turkey will become a country that is on the way to being water poor and suffering from water shortage, with 1,100 m³ of usable water per capita.
Status of Drinkable Water in Turkey
The status of water resources in Turkey is in the same situation as the world. As a result of excessive use and unnecessary consumption, water resources are rapidly drying up and becoming polluted.
Water and Sewerage Administration
The water and sewerage administration is responsible for the management of intra-city drinking water and waste waters. The construction of new drinking water infrastructures, the construction and operation of waste water infrastructures are among its duties. The administrations are also tasked with the treatment and recovery of waste waters under the control of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.
The names of the water administrations of Turkey's 3 major cities are; Istanbul ISKI, Ankara ASKİ and Izmir IZSU.
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