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What Are Citrus Fruits? Citrus Cultivation
Citrus is a group that includes fruits generally grown in temperate regions like the Mediterranean climate and rich in Vitamin C. It has various species such as orange, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, bergamot, and kumquat. Citrus cultivation is generally done in calcareous soils, and the Mediterranean region offers one of the most suitable growing environments for these types of plants. Therefore, Mediterranean coasts such as Antalya and Mersin in Turkey hold an important position in citrus production. Citrus trees grow and bear fruit best in regions with mild winters and hot summers. These fruits are quite valuable in terms of health. Since they are rich in Vitamin C, fiber, folates, and antioxidants, they strengthen the immune system and protect the body against diseases. Citrus cultivation is also an economically important sector. Therefore, it is popular in many countries worldwide.
What Are the Benefits of Citrus Fruits?
In Which Climate and Soil Do Citrus Fruits Grow?
What Are the Citrus Varieties?
Some members of the citrus family, which is a wide family;
Orange (Citrus sinensis): Rich in Vitamin C, orange is one of the most popular citrus fruits worldwide. Its different varieties include Valencia, Washington Navel, and Hamlin.
Lemon (Citrus limon): Known for its sour taste, lemon is a citrus fruit frequently used in meals and beverages.
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata): Having a sweet and aromatic scent, mandarin is among the winter fruits. Its varieties include Satsuma, Clementine, and Tangerine.
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi): Having a bitter and sour taste profile, grapefruit is known for various health benefits.
Bergamot (Citrus bergamia): Bergamot is a citrus fruit known especially for the use of its oil. With its pleasant scent, it is widely used in the perfume and cosmetic industry.
Kumquat (Fortunella japonica): Having small and round fruits, kumquat is generally consumed raw or as marmalade.
Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia): Having small and greenish fruits, lime is widely grown especially in Mexico and India.
Altintop (Citrus aurantium): A member of the citrus family, altintop is a species generally used in jam making. It has a sweet and sour taste.
These are just a few of the citrus fruits, and there are many more varieties worldwide.
Citrus Production in Our Country
Turkey's citrus production potential is quite high. Every year, millions of tons of citrus are grown and offered to the domestic and foreign markets. Especially provinces such as Adana, Mersin, Hatay, and Antalya are in a leading position in the country's citrus production. Varieties such as mandarin, orange, lemon, grapefruit, and bitter orange are among the most cultivated citrus species in Turkey. Among these varieties, especially Satsuma mandarin and Washington orange stand out.
Turkey has an important position in world citrus production and generally ranks eighth after countries such as China, Brazil, India, and Mexico. Therefore, Turkey's citrus export is also quite important and constitutes a significant part of the world's citrus exports. According to 2020 data, Turkey's citrus export accounted for approximately 14 percent of the global total. Therefore, every year increasing production amounts show the agricultural potential and export capacity of the country. Turkey's climate and soil conditions are quite favorable for citrus cultivation. For this reason, a successful citrus sector has been formed in the country.
Use of Smart Irrigation Systems in Citrus Cultivation
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